Everything about Empirically totally explained
A central concept in
science and the
scientific method is that all
evidence must be
empirical, or empirically based, that is, dependent on evidence or
consequences that are
observable by the
senses.
Empirical data is
data that's produced by
experiment or
observation. It is usually differentiated from the philosophic usage of
empiricism by the use of the adjective "empirical" or the adverb "empirically." "Empirical" as an adjective or adverb is used in conjunction with both the
natural and
social sciences, and refers to the use of working
hypotheses that are
testable using
observation or
experiment. In this sense of the word, scientific statements are subject to and derived from our experiences or observations.
Variations
In a second sense "empirical" in science may be synonymous with "experimental." In this sense, an empirical result is an experimental observation. In this context, the term
semi-empirical is used for qualifying theoretical methods which use in part basic
axioms or postulated scientific laws and experimental results. Such methods are opposed to theoretical
ab initio methods which are purely
deductive and based on
first principles.
In
statistics, "empirical" quantities are those computed from
observed values, as opposed to those derived from theoretical considerations.
In
economics, "empirical" generally refers to statistical or econometric analysis of numeric data. Other forms of observation-based hypothesis testing are not considered to be "empirics."
The use of the adjective empirical, especially in scientific studies using
statistics, may also indicate that a particular
correlation between two parameters has been found, but that so far, no theory for the mechanism of the connection is known.
In Chemistry the term empirical is used to refer to a molecular formula in its lowest common terms found in terms of element proportions and molar masses.
Further Information
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